The in vivo model showed that TSME combined with αPD-1 promoted the efficacy of anti-PD-1 antibody immunotherapy by increasing the proportion of CD8+ T cells and CD4+ T cells in the tumor microenvironment and reducing the proportion of regulatory T cells (Tregs) compared with TSME alone or αPD-1 alone. The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is neoplasm.