AUR: acute urinary retention; BOOI: Bladder Outlet Obstruction Index; BPH: benign prostatic hyperplasia; CT: clinical trial; IIEF: International Index of Erectile Function; IPSS: International Prostate Symptom Score; LUTS: lower urinary tract symptoms; NS: not significant; OAB: overactive bladder; OABSS: Overactive Bladder Symptom Score; PSA: prostate-specific antigen; PVR: post-void residual; Qmax: maximum urinary flow rate; QoL: quality of life; RCT: randomized controlled trial; SR: sustained release; wk: week. This evidence concerns the gene KLK3 and benign prostatic hyperplasia.