INS and Insulin resistance: Therefore, four non-insulin-based IR markers – triglyceride and glucose index (TyG), triglyceride and glucose index with body mass index (TyG-BMI), triglyceride-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio, and metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS-IR) – were utilized to assess the IR levels in patients with CKD, as in previous studies (9, 10).