CD274 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: In the standard of care situation patients with a PD-L1 score < 1 percent and between 1–49 percent are treated with immunochemotherapy and the results of our modeling assessment indicate that providing immunotherapy to only those NSCLC patients who are likely to respond, based on a biomarker test, could potentially save a significant amount of healthcare costs against a small loss in QALYs.