CARF and neoplasm: Collaborator of ARF (alternative reading frame), CARF, has pleiotropic effects including regulation of DNA damage response, cell cycle checkpoints, and tumor suppression, primarily through modulation of the p53 pathway in both ARF‐dependent and ‐independent manners.[17, 18] CARF functions as a multi‐module regulator, as attenuated CARF expression can trigger DNA damage response, leading to cell mitotic arrest and apoptosis.