In immune disease intervention, iron–quercetin coordination NPs (Fe-Qur NCNs) alleviate RA by suppressing the NF-κB pathway [194], while light-controlled nanosystems, such as folate receptor-targeted Au-DEN-MTX@IR780, enhance ROS generation under NIR irradiation to improve therapeutic efficacy [205]. Here, NFKB1 is linked to rheumatoid arthritis.