ACE and cancer: In previous studies, ACE was shown to have antitumor effects on various cancer types.29 In addition, acevaltrate has been shown to induce cell apoptosis and inhibit proliferation through the HIF-1α, Otub1/c-Maf, and USP10/CCND1 axes.30,31 Therefore, ACE is considered a promising natural antitumor compound.