AKT1 and glioblastoma: As these studies utilised GBM experimental models, our observation of significantly upregulated CREB and Akt expression in the 5ALA-derived invasive margin, offers complementary clinical relevance and encourages further exploration of the functional association of CREB and Akt pathways in the transition from residual disease infiltration to the emergence of GBM recurrence within a therapeutic intervention context.