Nevertheless, α-1 antitrypsin has been shown to promote lung cancer invasion, whereby α-1 antitrypsin functions as a critical effector of mutant p5322,23, apolipoprotein A1 is an independent prognostic marker for invasive ductal carcinoma likely attributable to apolipoprotein A1 protein, promoting cholesterol release from cells to induce an anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effect24, and transthyretin reported to promote hepatocellular cholangiocarcinoma invasion through activation of the NF-κB, p-ERK1/2, and p-AKT pathways25. This evidence concerns the gene MAPK3 and lung cancer.