3D anchorage-independent spheroid growth (Figure S6A, Fig. 3d) and migration assays (Figure S6B, Fig. 3e) in gefitinib-sensitive TE-11 cells showed that the IGF1R ligand IGF-1, unlike EGF and TGFβ1, significantly increased spheroid growth and was also more efficient than TGFβ1 in promoting ESCC cell migration. Here, IGF1R is linked to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.