IFNG and infection: Interestingly, the insights gained from in vitro studies indeed have implications for the clinical outcome (Dulfer et al, 2023), yet we cannot draw general conclusions on whether viral pre-infection increases or counteracts susceptibility to secondary infection: while SARS-CoV-2 infection augments the occurrence of subsequent infection with the opportunistic pathogen Candida albicans (Tsai et al, 2023), other studies demonstrate that latent HSV-infection can protect from bacterial superinfection due to maintained high levels of IFNγ (Barton et al, 2007).