We previously demonstrated that both Ba/F3 cells driven by OCLN–RASGRF1 and a pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell line (PaCaDD137) with an endogenous SLC4A4–RASGRF1 fusion are highly sensitive to targeting of the MAPK pathway with the MEK inhibitor trametinib, while relatively insensitive to PI3K inhibition21. Here, PIK3CA is linked to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.