The impact of JAK/STAT suppression on IL-10 signaling is controversial.57-61 In one study, tofacitinib treatment decreased IFNγ and IL-6 but increased IL-10 production by monocytes from IBD patients.57 Conversely, other studies demonstrated increased production of proinflammatory cytokines along with IL-10 by human monocytes and mouse macrophages following tofacitinib treatment.58,61 These findings suggest that JAK/STAT pathway effects on pro- and anti-inflammatory responses vary by cell type and condition. This evidence concerns the gene IL6 and irritable bowel syndrome.