PDCD1 and insomnia measurement: In addition to cancer-related variables, other unmeasured confounders such as anxiety severity, insomnia, alcohol or tobacco consumption, food intake, physical activity, or the need for palliative care may influence the response to PD-1 therapy and hence were not corrected by our IPTW adjustment, If benzodiazepines had an immunosuppressive effect, one would expect that their prolonged use is associated with a surge of serious infectious diseases as well as cancer diagnosis.