CD274 and neoplasm: Checkpoint inhibitors such as PD-1 and PD-L1 blockers (nivolumab, pembrolizumab) and CTLA-4 inhibitors (ipilimumab) have shown clinical success in a range of cancers; combining these agents with CAR-T cells aims to relieve T-cell exhaustion, enhance anti-tumor immunity, and improve CAR-T cell persistence within the TME (209, 210).