We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Ovid SP), Embase (Ovid SP), PubMed, and ClinicalTrials.gov up to March 2024 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This evidence concerns the gene SLC5A2 and diabetes mellitus.