Furthermore, Maryam Moradi-Chaleshtori et al. established a breast cancer cell line with overexpression of pigment epithelium-derived factor, a tumor suppressor, and revealed that the exosomes originating from it induced M1 polarization of macrophages, augmenting the secretion of M1-specific cytokine IL-1β and reducing the secretion of M2-specific cytokine TGF-β (48). The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is neoplasm.