CD48 and cardiovascular disorder: Literature review revealed that SELP and PECAM1 are associated with angiogenesis and cardiovascular diseases (Liu et al., 2023; Privratsky et al., 2010), while CXCR4, IL2RG, and CD48 are primarily involved in immune responses (Elishmereni and Levi-Schaffer, 2011; Le Floc’h et al., 2023; Nagashima et al., 2017).