The inhibitors targeting programmed death 1 (PD-1) and its ligand programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), such as nivolumab (Brahmer et al., 2010; Yamamoto et al., 2017), pembrolizumab (Patnaik et al., 2015) or MPDL3280A (Herbst et al., 2014), have shown the prospect of improving COAD clinical outcomes by reactivating anti-tumor immune responses. This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and neoplasm.