Based on results of retrospective analyses and a prospective study showing that in MM patients with relapsed or refractory (r/r) disease an elevated baseline natriuretic protein (BNP) was predictive of CVAE during carfilzomib-based treatment [16], the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and International Cardio-Oncology Society developed a risk score for MM patients scheduled to receive treatment with PI or immunomodulatory agents [17], although admitting the lack of prospective data. This evidence concerns the gene NPPB and Miyoshi myopathy.