ALB and nutritional deficiency disease: Consistent with Yalçın et al. [58], who employed ML to predict oral feeding transitions in general adult inpatients (AUC: 0.770), our study achieved enhanced predictive accuracy by prioritizing ICU-specific malnutrition biomarkers, including body mass index (BMI), serum albumin levels, and weight loss rate—variables explicitly linked to nutritional deterioration in critical illness.