TNF and myocardial infarction: Curcumin was shown to inhibit the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, and suppress the activation of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways in both in vitro and in vivo models of inflammation and arthritis [79, 80].Curcumin modulated macrophage polarization through AMPK signaling, thereby mitigating inflammation associated with myocardial infarction (MI).