VHL and renal cell carcinoma: The pathogenesis in RCC involves inactivation of the tumour suppressor gene, the Von Hippel-Lindau gene (VHL) which leads to an upregulation of HIF1α (hypoxia inedible factor 1 subunit alpha) and constitutive activation of platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathways resulting in increased cell survival, angiogenesis and proliferation [22].