In subsequent years, significant contributions were made by Dr. Steven Rosenberg at the National Cancer Institute (NCI), who pioneered the use of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) to treat selected solid tumors in patients.72–74 While Rosenberg and colleagues highlighted the undeniable potential of cytotoxic T cells to combat cancer, TIL therapy faced challenges, including low reproducibility in TIL expansion and the restriction of its use to immunogenic tumors due to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) dependency. Here, HLA-C is linked to neoplasm.