HLA-C and neoplasm: In 1987, Dr. Yoshikazu Kurosawa and colleagues engineered modified cells expressing T cell receptors (TCRs) with their variable regions replaced by the antigen-binding site of an antibody, creating receptors that functioned independently of MHC interaction.75 Similarly, in 1989, Dr. Zelig Eshhar and his team developed analogous constructs.76 They successfully generated “T-bodies,” functional chimeric receptors that recognized a hapten, confirmed by their ability to kill target-expressing tumor cells and produce cytokines (Fig. 2).