CD19 and precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: This T cells engineered to produce bsAbs have demonstrated antitumor activity in preclinical models.405 For example, CD1a-, CD19-, and BCMA-STAb T cells have been tested in PDX models of cortical T-ALL, B-ALL and MM, respectively, showing higher efficacy than their respective second-generation CAR-based therapies.406 Similarly, dual-targeted STAb-T cells secreting BCMA TCE and CD19 TCE have been effectively tested in in vitro models of B-cell malignancies.407 This platform has also been studied in B-ALL, with promising results.