Several unconjugated monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), including the CD123-directed mAbs CSL360 and CSL362 (talacotuzumab), have demonstrated limited efficacy in the treatment of R/R AML.205,206 Consequently, current strategies predominantly entail the use of toxin-conjugated constructs or Bi-specific T-cell engagers (BiTEs). The gene discussed is IL3RA; the disease is acute myeloid leukemia.