Analysis of 89 high-expression samples and 89 low-expression samples of LDHA, LDHB, PKM, and SLC16A1 from the TCGA database revealed that elevated expression levels of these genes, which play a crucial role in lactate synthesis, were negatively correlated with the survival rate of PC patients (Fig. 1A–D). This evidence concerns the gene SLC16A1 and pachyonychia congenita.