Moreover, we did a reanalysis on the hepatic transcriptomics from the GEO database (GSE63067 and GSE48452), and the results showed that the MASLD patients had significantly lower IGFBP2 mRNA levels than the healthy individuals (P < 0.05) (Fig. 1B). This evidence concerns the gene IGFBP2 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.