In this context, our analyses in CRC has clearly showed that tumor-associated NK cells display a higher expression of several ICs (such as KIRs, TIM-3, and NKG2A in all CRC and PD-1 only in MSI CRC) compared to TFT-NK cells, suggesting a modulatory effect of the TME on the NK cell landscape, in line with a role proposed for miRNAs with immune-modulating effects on KIRs expression (48) or for glucocorticoids combined with IL-12, IL-15 and IL-18 inducing PD-1 surface expression (49). This evidence concerns the gene IL15 and neoplasm.