TGFB1 and cancer: Pathway enrichment analysis further demonstrated that MMP11(+) F01 cells exhibited activation of pro-tumorigenic and immunosuppressive pathways (IL-2, angiogenesis, PI3K-AKT-mTOR, and TGFβ), while MMP11(−) F01 cells enriched anti-cancer and immunostimulatory pathways (IFN-α/γ) (Supplementary Figure S3C).