TAT and HIV-1 infection: Participants in our study were from the study measured the total anti-Tat-specific antibody titers in early-treated individuals in the Females Rising through Education, Support and Health (FRESH) cohort in Durban South Africa, which use a combination of a socioeconomic empowerment program and regular HIV-1 RNA screening to identify acute infection, with ART initiated immediately for those detected with acute HIV-1 infection (20, 21).