DPP4 and renal fibrosis: Moreover, by using a Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved DPP4 inhibitor linagliptin 19, we demonstrated that DPP4 inhibition can dose-dependently suppress the fibrotic signature on the Ang II stimulated HK-2 cells in vitro (Figure 3C, D), uncovering its clinical potential for targeting the Ang II driven renal fibrosis.