STAT3 and pulmonary arterial hypertension: Previous studies (Chang et al., 2024; Han et al., 2021; Daniel et al., 2012; Calvier et al., 2017; Kurozumi et al., 2019; Kappert et al., 2006) have shown that STAT3 is involved in various types of pathological vascular changes, including vascular remodeling, vascular calcification, and pulmonary arterial hypertension.