CCL2 and congenital rubella syndrome: Interleukins (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-10, and IL-15, as well as granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), macrophage inflammatory protein-1 beta (MIP-1β), ferritin, and C-reactive protein (CRP), have all been linked to elevated levels of CRS.