Our previous studies have also shown that multiple GLP-1R agonists can play neuroprotective role in diabetic rats with cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury, PD mice, status epilepticus rats and other disease models without relying on blood glucose (Bai et al., 2021; Lv et al., 2021; Wang et al., 2018). The gene discussed is GLP1R; the disease is Parkinson disease.