Among the key SASP components, pro-inflammatory proteins including interleukin-8 (IL-8), IL-15, IL-1β, and interferon-gamma (IFNγ), along with MMPs involved in ECM degradation (MMP1, MMP3, MMP10, MMP14, etc.), have been identified in both skin aging-associated secretory phenotype (SAASP) and canonical SASP, indicating common senescent signatures across different tissues (Khavinson et al., 2022; Malaquin et al., 2016). Here, MMP1 is linked to skin aging.