GPC3 and hepatocellular carcinoma: In a study of Gypican-3(GPC3)-mediated specific T cell immune response, 55% of HCC patients exhibited increased GPC3-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in blood circulation after receiving TACE treatment, while only 11% of patients showed increased GPC3-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in circulation after surgical resection (12).