However, microglial cells from STZ-injected mice displayed a smaller IBA1+-stained area (i.e., fewer processes) in the visual cortex (two-way ANOVA: diabetes factor, F(1, 24) = 6.726, P< 0.05) (Fig. 5C), suggesting that subtle differences in microglia may be related to increased p-tau burden in this brain region. Here, AIF1 is linked to diabetes mellitus.