Hypothyroidism has been linked to increased oxidative damage in the lens, not may by impaired antioxidant enzyme activity, but through alterations in mitochondrial membrane lipid composition—such as reduced cardiolipin content and increased lipid unsaturation—that elevate oxidative susceptibility and promote lipid peroxidation [77, 78, 142]; Calcium Dysregulation: TH deficiency can indirectly affect calcium homeostasis, leading to calcium accumulation within the lens, a known trigger for cataract formation [143–146]. The gene discussed is TH; the disease is hypothyroidism.