PDCD1 and neoplasm: To this end, we randomly assigned mice into 4 groups: 1, Control (no tumor, treated with ITC as vehicle control); 2, Melanoma + Veh (tumor treated with ITC); 3, Combi-ICI (no tumor, treated with anti-CTLA4 & anti-PD-1); 4, Melanoma + Combi ICI (tumor treated with anti-CTLA4 & anti-PD-1) (Fig. 1A).