MTHFD2 and breast cancer: Other studies have shown that, in breast cancer, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) can induce the expression of MTHFD215; in bladder cancer cells, MTHFD2 expression is regulated by the transcription factor E2F121; in kidney cancer, MTHFD2 was found to be a transcriptional target of hypoxia inducible factor 2α (HIF2A)45; and in Ewing sarcoma, the chimeric transcription factor EWS-FLI1 drove the expression of MTHFD2 and MTHFD1L74.