MTHFD2 and urinary bladder cancer: While MTHFD2 was found to promote cancer cell proliferation in colon cancer cell lines77 and bladder cancer cells21, and to prevent DNA damage in p53 mutant cancer cells73, regardless of its dehydrogenase activity, its enzymatic activity was required for cancer cell survival in osteosarcoma cells58, to confer stem-like properties in lung cancer cells29 and to ensure epigenetic maintenance and accurate mitotic progression in colon cancer cells61.