MYC and plasma cell myeloma: In leukemia, the MYC oncogene has also been highlighted as a potential upstream regulator of MTHFD2, since MYC downregulation decreased the expression of MTHFD2 and other mitochondrial one-carbon metabolism enzymes, such as MTHFD1L and SHMT2, and was found to bind to the promoter region of these folate genes in Burkitt lymphoma, multiple myeloma, chronic myeloid leukemia, glioblastoma multiforme and small cell lung cancer cell lines39.