Superoxide formation due to activation of the NADPH oxidase NOX2 isoform together with nitric oxide formation due to increased expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) have been strongly implicated in retinal vascular injury during OIR and other models of ischemic retinopathy, including diabetic retinopathy and ischemia-reperfusion injury25–28. The gene discussed is NOS2; the disease is diabetic retinopathy.