PTPN1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: These fungi produce bioactive metabolites such as cordycepin, chaetoglobosins, and asterriquinones, which modulate key pathways in type 2 diabetes, including α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-mediated insulin sensitization, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) activation and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibition.