Further potential applications for NCA includes the full spectrum of human ABCB4 deficiency (encouraged by the efficacy in the Mdr2/Abcb4−/− mouse model), CF (stimulation of CFTR-independent HCO3– secretion via TMEM16A), PBC, non-anastomotic strictures after liver transplantation (also linked to impaired expression/function of MDR3/ABCB4) and MASLD (microcholestasis)249 with already ongoing phase II trials in PBC (EudraCT2021-001431-56) and MASH (NCT05083390). Here, ANO1 is linked to primary biliary cholangitis.