PRKAA1 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Therefore, activation of AMPK stimulates the catabolic pathway (glucose utilization and β-oxidation) and inhibits the anabolic pathway (gluconeogenesis, protein synthesis, and lipogenesis) (5, 20), leading to the alleviation of hyperglycemia and liver steatosis in obesity and T2DM (12, 21, 22, 23).