MAPK3 and ovarian carcinoma: In this study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of bavachin in ovarian cancer, focusing on three key aspects: (1) its effects on cell viability, apoptosis, and cancer stem cell properties; (2) its impact on mitochondrial function, calcium homeostasis, ER stress, and inhibition of pro-survival MAPK signaling pathways such as ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK; and (3) its potential synergistic interaction with paclitaxel.