Section 3 explores the pharmacogenomics of spike protein interactions and their effect on individual susceptibility and response. System-specific pathologies are described in more detail, providing an overview of how genetic factors affect individual vulnerability to spike protein–induced diseases. Lastly, Section 4 gives a brief overview of diagnostic biomarkers and assays that could be useful to distinguish postvaccination syndromes from viral infection and inform the development of targeted therapeutic strategies. This evidence concerns the gene CHMP5 and viral infectious disease.