In the context of GC, CAFs were found to highly express insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7 (IGFBP7), which induced the polarization of M2 TAMs via the fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2)/FGFR1/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway (Li D. et al., 2023). This evidence concerns the gene IGFBP7 and gastric cancer.