TAMs also secreted EVs packaged long noncoding RNA (LncRNA) CRNDE, which facilitated the ubiquitination-mediated degradation of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and activating the neural precursor cell expressed developmentally downregulated protein 4-1 (NEDD4-1) axis, thus increased resistance to cisplatin in the cell lines of GC (Xin et al., 2021). Here, PTEN is linked to gastric cancer.