Both intestinal mucosal macrophages from IBD patients and mice with DSS-induced colitis, as well as LPS-treated macrophages in vitro, showed markedly increased expression of S1PR2.The S1PR2/RhoA/ROCK1 signaling pathway potentially contributes to IBD development by influencing M1 macrophage polarization (99). This evidence concerns the gene ROCK1 and inflammatory bowel disease.