Both intestinal mucosal macrophages from IBD patients and mice with DSS-induced colitis, as well as LPS-treated macrophages in vitro, showed markedly increased expression of S1PR2.The S1PR2/RhoA/ROCK1 signaling pathway potentially contributes to IBD development by influencing M1 macrophage polarization (99). Here, S1PR2 is linked to colitis.