For example, the expression of ALPL (the gene encoding the tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase that promotes the formation of VC) is increased in the cerebellum and temporal cortex and decreased in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, while TREM2 expression is increased in the dorsolateral prefrontal and posterior cingulate cortices and decreased in the cerebellum in donors with AD compared to age-matched controls. Here, TREM2 is linked to Alzheimer disease.