To validate these results, we performed the FITC-dextran intestinal permeability assay.45 This revealed that infection with CRM12 resulted in significantly lower levels of FITC-dextran permeating into the serum compared to those in CRWT-infected mice (Figure 6(f)); moreover, immunofluorescence staining for E-cadherin revealed lower epithelial damage (Figure 6(g), and S8A). This evidence concerns the gene CDH1 and infection.