Compared to CRWT, infection with CRM12 triggered reduced colonic secretion of Th1 and Th17 cytokines IFN-γ, IL-22, IL-17A, and inflammasome-dependent IL-1β, involved in stimulating IL-22 responses,31 correlating with the observed lower tissue damage (Figure 5(a–d)). This evidence concerns the gene IFNG and infection.