TLR9 and serum lipopolysaccharide activity: Building on this, owing to their inherent TLR inhibitory activity, Pearson's research group conducted two studies exploring the immunomodulatory potential of cargo‐less PLGA and poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanoparticles in targeting TLR4 and TLR9 to mitigate endotoxemia.[85, 86] In the first study, the group investigated the effects of six nanoparticle formulations prepared using different polymers (high molecular weight PLGAHi, low molecular weight PLGALo, and PLA) and surfactants (PEMA and PVA) on TLR4 and TLR9‐mediated immune hyperactivation.