Ribosome pathway activation enhances protein synthesis efficiency in MSCs and tumor cells, promoting MSC differentiation into CAFs and tumor microenvironment remodeling through its signaling axis [71, 72]; cell cycle enrichment (e.g., CDK1, CCNB1) releases cycle inhibition to enable sustained proliferation of MSCs and LUAD cells [73]; while oxidative phosphorylation enrichment indicates MSCPD provides energy support for LUAD via mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming. This evidence concerns the gene CDK1 and neoplasm.